Lead cytotoxicity in Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) “tomato”

Abstract

Lead cytotoxic effects was determined in meristematic cells of secondary apical roots of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) “tomato” by using Río Grande variety, they were subjected to four treatments (0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mg/l of lead) and control. The seedling evaluation was carried out taking into consideration morphometric and physiological indicators. Fixation and stained were carried out with 2% acetic orcein and 1N hydrochloric acid. Through microscopic observations of the mitotic process, mitotic index and phase indices were determined, depending on concentrations, an increase in prophase index associated with a decrease in mitotic index was observed as lead concentration increased in each treatment; likewise, cellular anomalies could be determined. Variance analysis (ANAVA) was performed results there is a significant difference between each treatment (P>0.05). Cellular anomalies were observed for all lead concentrations, finding binucleated cells, elongated cells, hyperchromasia, cells without nucleus, micronuclei and a bridge in anaphase. Finally, when lead concentration increases, the rate of cell division of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) “tomato” is lower