FUENTES DE CONTAMINACIÓN ESTACIONALES EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO UTCUBAMBA, REGIÓN AMAZONAS, PERÚ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22497/852Abstract
Resumen
Existe creciente necesidad de evaluar la calidad del agua para proteger la salud pública. La investigación se realizó en el río Utcubamba, afluente de la cuenca del Alto Marañón, localizado por completo en la región Amazonas, Perú. Se establecieron 43 estaciones de muestreo a lo largo de toda la cuenca hidrográfica del río, que fueron evaluadas en dos temporadas: lluviosa y seca. Se evaluaron 19 parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos, cuyos resultados se emplearon para determinar las posibles fuentes de contaminación del sistema, siendo los residuos agropecuarios y domésticos, la presencia de vertederos ilegales y canteras y la ausencia de bosques de galería las principales actividades y factores que afectan a la calidad del agua. Por otra parte, variables como CE, DUR, T, TB, CF, CLO, CT, EC y EF mostraron diferencias significativas entre tramos de cuenca, mientras que CE, OD, TB, CT y EC lo hicieron entre temporadas de muestreo. Finalmente, se establecieron correlaciones significativas entre los parámetros microbiológicos, que indicaron el origen orgánico de la contaminación; entre parámetros fisicoquímicos como TB, CE, NITRA y FOSFA que mostraron el origen agrícola de los efluentes, y entre DUR y ALCA, resultado de la contaminación de origen geológico natural del área de estudio.
Palabras clave: calidad de agua, tramos de cuenca, temporada, sistemas hídricos, correlaciones.
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Abstract
There is an increasing need to assess the quality of water to protect public health. The research was conducted on the Utcubamba River, a tributary of the Alto Marañón basin, located entirely in the region of Amazonas, Peru. A total of 43 sampling stations were established throughout the river basin, which were evaluated in two seasons: rainy and dry. Nineteen physicochemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated, whose results were used to determine the possible sources of contamination of the system. Agricultural and domestic waste, the presence of illegal landfills and quarries and the absence of riparian forests are the main activities and factors that affect water quality. Likewise, variables such as CE, DUR, T, TB, CF, CLO, CT, EC and EF showed significant differences between sections of basin, while CE, OD, TB, CT and EC showed differences between seasons of sampling. Finally, significant correlations were established between the microbiological parameters, which indicated the organic origin of the contamination; between physicochemical parameters such as TB, CE, NITRA and FOSFA that showed the agricultural origin of the effluents, and between DUR and ALCA, as a result of the contamination from a natural geological origin in the study area.
Keywords: water quality, basin sections, season, water systems, correlations.
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