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Author Guidelines

EDITORIAL FOCUS AND SCOPE

Arnaldoa is a publication open to original scientific papers and reviews of pure or applied botany in its various areas: non-vascular and vascular plant systematics and taxonomy, morphology, cytology and genetics, chorology and ecology, ethnobotany, reproductive biology, structure and development, phycology and mycology; likewise, works in phytochemistry, microbiology, parasitology and zoology.

Statement of good practices for publication

  1. The process of review and acceptance of papers is guided by the principles of impartiality, confidentiality and objectivity.
  2. Authors must not send to this journal papers that are in process of revision and acceptance in another publication. Nor must they send to other publications the paper submitted to this journal as long as it is not voluntarily withdrawn or rejected.
  3. Authors assure that the data and results presented in the paper are original and not copied, invented or altered. Plagiarism, invention or alteration of data are serious misconduct in research.
  4. Authors must explicitly indicate the source of literal ideas or phrases taken from other works, as detailed in the item of literature cited in instructions to authors.
  5. Figures that are included in the paper must have the indication of how they were created or obtained. If the graphic material is reproduced from other works, its source and reproduction permissions must be cited, if necessary.
  6. In case of multiple authorship, the main author or the person responsible for the paper to this journal guarantees that the other authors participated significantly in its preparation. He also guarantees that no author was omitted. Likewise, all authors share responsibility for the paper presented.
  7. Authors guarantee that there is no conflict of interest, whether due to commercial, financial or personal ties, which may have affected the results of the work.
  8. If an author detects a serious error in his work, he must inform the editors as soon as possible for correction or errata.
  9. Editors keep the right to disallow those papers already published in the journal that are later found to be unreliable due to unintentional errors, malpractice or fraud.

The articles are edited in 4 stages:

  1. Evaluation of the quality and presentation of the original manuscript by the Editorial Board. Papers that are not conform to editorial standards will be returned to authors before evaluating their content.
  2. Evaluation of the content of the manuscript by two anonymous peers not belonging to the editorial team; subsequently, the author is informed of the evaluation's opinion (acceptance, corrections to be made in the text or disapproval). Controversies: When the opinion indicates corrections to be made, the author must send the corrected version within a maximum period of fifteen (15) days since the receipt of the opinion, otherwise, the work will be withdrawn.
  3. Evaluation and correction of style by the Editorial Board.
  4. Review of the printing proofs by the author and Editorial Board. It is recommended that authors care about writing, syntax, spelling, citations and references, scientific names and abbreviations of the authors.

No charges are applied to authors for the submission, processing and publication of their articles.

STYLE GUIDELINES

1. General instructions

  • Manuscripts can be written in Spanish, Portuguese or English in Times New Roman 12-point font, 1.5 line spacing, with margins 2.5 cm, on a single side of the A4 sheet. Number pages and illustrations.
  • A copy is sent by e-mail to the editors of the journal. The extension may be up to twenty pages, including figures and tables; the journal direction considers possible exceptions.
  • The articles include: title (in Spanish and English), abstract, abstract in Spanish, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, literature cited.

2. Style

  • The text is aligned to the left, without indents, centering or justifying, avoiding underlining, italics (except for scientific names) and, if possible, footnotes.
  • Words must be separated by a single space.
  • If there are tables, start them on a separate page, with a page cut. Figures and tables are cited in the text (Fig. 1).
  • Patronymics (in authors, bibliographical references, acronyms, studied material) are in lower case.
  • Citations in foreign languages and common names must have quotation marks.
  • Generic and infrageneric taxa are written in italics; acronyms are cited only the first time they are mentioned.

3. First page

  • The title must be brief and concise, written in lowercase letters and without period. If applicable, include the name of the family or division in parentheses. An abbreviated title for the running head is suggested.
  • The author(s) is(are) listed below the title and immediately below is indicated the place of work, postal address and e-mail.
  • An abstract in English and another in Spanish (resumen), which does not exceed 250 words, is included in an independent paragraph. Both abstracts consist of a single paragraph. In both abstracts add up to 10 keywords additional to the title.

4. Abbreviations

  • Authors of the taxa must be abbreviated according to Authors of Plants Names (Brummit & Powell, 1992) or on the web:

http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu//databases/botanist_index.html

  • Books are abbreviated according to Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edition; periodicals according to BPH (Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum, 1968) and BPH/S (Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum/Supplementum, 1991), both on the web.

http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu//databases/publication_index.html

  • Herbaria are abbreviated according to Thiers, B. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium.

http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/

  • Units of measurement (there are some exceptions), acronyms and cardinal points do not end with periods.

5. Taxonomic treatments

5.1 Keys will be dichotomous.

5.2 Description of new species:

Prior to the description, the name is placed, in bold and italic, followed by the name or abbreviation of the author; then, the type of novelty proposed (sp. nov., comb. nov., or others) is indicated. At the end, a reference to the illustration must be included, if there is any (see example). Then, begin by indicating the type material, and in parentheses the acronym of the herbarium where it is deposited.

Example:

Corryocactus dillonii Pauca & Quip. sp. nov. (Fig. 1-2)

TYPE: PERU. Department Arequipa, province Islay, district Islay, near the antenna, Yuta lomas, 16°56’48.86” S, 72°04’41.74” W, 857 m, 7-IX-2014, A. Pauca & K. Chávez 493 (Holotype: HSP; Isotypes: HUT, USM).

The diagnosis in English or in Latin and in italics is then started in a separate paragraph.

In a separate paragraph, the detailed description is written in vernacular language, followed in a separate paragraph by common name, additional examined specimens, comparison with related species, distribution and ecology, phenology, current status, etymology, uses.

New taxa for science must be illustrated, especially in regard to their diagnostic characteristics and, when possible, with a distribution map and taxonomic keys.

5.3 Species already described:

The name of the species is indicated (in bold and italics), followed by the name or abbreviation of the author(s) and the bibliographic citation; then, the basonym is placed if it corresponds. Data of the TYPE material follow immediately, using exclamation mark if the material was revised (e.g. NY!). The synonyms are listed in a separate paragraph. Example:

Nasa carunculata (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend, comb. nov., Arnaldoa 5(2), 1998. Basonym: Loasa carunculata Urb. & Gilg, Nova Acta Caes. Leop. Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 76: 243, 1900.

TYPE: PERU. [Unknown province], Lobb 358 (Holotype: K!, photograph F!, neg. no. 495).

= Loasa vestita Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Science 19: 194, 1929. TYPE: PERU. Department Ayacucho, province Huanta, north of Huanta, near Huayllay, 3500-3600 m, Weberbaueri 7591 (Holotype US!; Isotypes: K!, F!, NY!, BM!, S!, MO!).

In a separate paragraph, the detailed description is written in vernacular language, followed in a separate paragraph by common name, examined specimens, comparison with related species, distribution and ecology, phenology and uses. Etymology is only for new species.

6. Additional examined specimens

  • If the examined material is abundant, only the most representative examples (due to their phenology, distribution, etc.) are cited in the text.
  • In the text, specimens are cited after the description, according to the following order: COUNTRY (in capital letters). State/region (in bold), province, town, altitude (m), date (month in Roman numerals: 10-II-2014), collector and collection number (in italics). Then, the herbarium acronyms where the specimens are found are indicated in parentheses. Finally and in quotation marks, add the collector's observations. Contiguous examples are separated by semicolon. Large geographic units such as continents or subcontinents are separated; within them, countries are ordered from north to south and from west to east, each constituting an independent paragraph.
  • States, regions and provinces of the same country are sorted alphabetically and grouped into paragraphs.

Example:

PERU. Region Amazonas, province Chachapoyas, Leymebamba, surroundings of Laguna de los Cóndores, 2500 m, 16-VIII-1998, V. Quipuscoa et al. 1241 (CONN, CORD, F, HAO, HUT, MO), “abundant”.

7. Contribution of the authors

The contribution of the authors will be based on scientific integrity and responsible conduct in research. An author must be a person who has had a significant intellectual contribution in three necessary aspects:

  • Conception, design or collection of data or information, analysis and interpretation of the results obtained.
  • Preparation / writing of the article and / or critical review.
  • Approval of the final revision.

After defining the substantial contributions of the authors, marked by the first letters of their names (e.g. Carl Linnaeus: C.L.), it must be added: All authors read the final manuscript and approved the revision.

Note: We recommend to take the course of Responsible Conduct in Research: http://www.cri.andeanquipu.org/

8. Conflicts of interests

The authors must declare that they do not have any conflict of interest, nor financial (e.g. economic motivation) nor non-financial (e.g. conflict of job or professional commitment, personal or intellectual conflict).

If this happens, it should be placed only: The authors declare not to have conflicts of interests.

Note: For a better understanding of this part, we recommend to take the course of Responsible Conduct in Research: http://www.cri.andeanquipu.org/

9. Literature cited

  • Only publications mentioned in the text are included.
  • Authors are written in bold and are sorted alphabetically; if there are several works by the same author, they are cited in chronological order, attaching letters a, b, c, if it is necessary.
  • If there are more than two authors, add et al. to the first of them when they are cited in the text; however, all authors must be included in the literature cited at the end.
  • Citations in the text are made according to the following models: Weigend (1998); according to Weigend (1998); Weigend (1998: 162); (Weigend, 1998); Weigend (1998, 2002); Weigend & Rodríguez (2002); Weigend & Rodríguez (2002: 07); (Weigend & Rodríguez, 2002); Weigend et al., 1998; (Weigend et al., 1998) when there are 3 or more authors; (Dillon & Sagástegui, 1988, 1996, 1999; Vision & Dillon, 1996).

Examples:

D’Arcy, W. G. 1986. The genera of Solanaceae and their types. Solanaceae Newsletter 2(4): 10-33.

Hunziker, A. T. 1979. South American Solanaceae: A synoptic survey. Pp. 49-85 in J. G. Hawkes, R. N. Lester & A. D. Skelding (editors), The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.

Mione, T. & F. C. Coe. 1992. Two new combinations in Peruvian Jaltomata (Solanaceae). Novon 2: 383-384.

Weigend, M. & E. Rodríguez. 1998. Una nueva especie de Mentzelia (Loasaceae) procedente del valle Marañón en el norte del Perú. Arnaldoa 5(1): 51-58.

Dillon, M. O.; T. Tu; A. Soejima; T. Yi; Z. Nie; A. Tye & J. Wen. 2007. Phylogeny of Nolana (Nolaneae, Solanoideae, Solanaceae) as inferred from granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) sequences. Taxon 56(4): 1000-1011.

10. Illustrations

  • Photographs, drawings, maps, graphs, etc., individual or grouped are treated as figures (abbreviation: Fig.).
  • They are marked in bold and listed consecutively with Arabic numerals, following the order in which they appear in the text. Each one of the elements is identified by uppercase letters from left to right and from top to bottom; select the size of the letters so that, reduced to the journal format, measure 3 mm.
  • Dimensions are indicated by scales; it is recommended that all scales of an illustration be placed in the same position, preferably to the right (vertical or horizontal).
  • All illustrations must be in good quality; photographs must be in color or black and white, scanned in high resolution (more than 300 dpi, TIF or JPG files) and good contrast; if several photographs make up a figure, they must be separated by a white margin which, reduced to the journal format, does not exceed 1 mm in width.
  • Maps have north (N) upwards, with at least two latitude and longitude marks and a scale in kilometers. It is recommended, especially for anatomical and morphological works, to avoid repeating drawings of sections with micrographs; only in conflicting cases can exist this double documentation. Also, diagrammatic schemas must strictly respect the section plane.
  • Photographs and drawings must not be combined in one figure.
  • Captions of illustrations are written on a separate sheet, indicating the name of the illustrated material and its reference number.
  • Illustrations must be sent together with the final version of the manuscript.
  • Emphasis on tables, which must be done in Excel or similar program.

11. Separates

Each author receives the PDF file of his article; in addition, he can request a number of copies at his expense.

Submission Preparation Checklist

All submissions must meet the following requirements.

Artículos originales

Los Artículos Originales reportan el resultado de una investigación original e inédita. El material no debe haber sido publicado en ningún  lado previamente, ni en Perú o el extranjero. La extensión final del artículo es de 8 000 palabras (excepciones será aceptadas por el Editor-en-Jefe).  El manuscrito debe seguir el orden Página de Título (ver más abajo), Introducción, Materiales y métodos, Resultados, Discusión,  Agradecimientos, Declaración de Conflicto de Interés, Contribución de los autores, Aprobación ética, Permisos de muestreo y estudio, Información de Financiamiento, Literatura citada, Figuras y Tablas. Apéndices adicionales y material suplementario adicional es aceptado.

Artículos de Revisión

Los Artículos de Revisión resumen el estado de investigación de un campo de interés actual. Este tipo de artículo puede resumir la información de un campo de investigación con artículos recientemente publicados de una amplia importancia científica. Deben ser sometidos o solicitados por el Comité Editorial mediante invitación a los autores. Los artículos de revisión tienen hasta 12 000 palabras y deben incluir una sección de métodos donde se explique como se revisión y selección la literatura. Se recomienda la publicación de Revisiones Sistemáticas para sintetizar la evidencia científica en un tema o hipótesis teórica en específico, siguiendo la metodología de PRISMA descrita en los siguientes enlaces. http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Default.aspx https://ajot.submit2aota.org/journals/ajot/forms/systematic_ reviews.pdf

Perspectivas

Estos artículos proporcionan una oportunidad para los autores para presentar novedosos y distintitos puntos de opinión sobre un tema dentro del alcance de Arnaldoa. El artículo deberá tener la suficiente  base científica y ser soportado por citaciones, centrándose en un estimulante argumento que represente un avance en el pensamiento científico. Las Perspectivas no deben exceder las 8 000 palabras.

Editoriales

Un Editorial involucra la opinión de expertos en un tema, usualmente  invitados por el Editor-en-Jefe. El tópico del artículo usualmente es adecuado para cubrir un tema de interés, ofreciendo importantes vistas dentro del campo.

Cartas al Editor

Cartas al Editor (Correspondencias) son respuestas científicas a artículos recientemente publicado en la revista (con no más de un año de antigüedad). Deben ser cortas, con un máximo de 1 000 palabras e incluyen hasta cinco citas clave y una figura como máximo de ser necesario ilustrar el aspecto principal de la publicación. El contenido debe ser constructivo, discutiendo un tema significativo, en un tono de respeto. Siempre que los editores acuerden que la publicación de la carta está garantizada, generalmente también recibirá una respuesta de los autores del artículo original, y tanto la carta como la respuesta se publicarán en el mismo número.

Reseña de Libros

Aceptamos reseñas de libros sobre una variedad de títulos relevantes que no tengan más de dos años de publicados. Estos artículos suelen tener menos de 2 000 palabras. Envíe sus solicitudes o ideas al editor en jefe Dr. Segundo Leiva González.

Bioplates

El énfasis de este artículo está publicar evidencia fotográfica de alta calidad, o láminas de fotografías con detalle taxonómico con fondo negro (altamente recomendado) que signifiquen un avance en el conocimiento de un tema en específico. Aceptamos dos tipos de Bioplates, (i) láminas de una sola especie (para más de una especie o grupos taxonómicos se necesita la aprobación del editor en jefe), y (ii) registro fotográfico de un evento inusual, observación o fenómeno raro, científicamente interesante y original. Un Bioplate consiste en dos páginas impresas con un máximo de 650 palabras (el Editor Jefe puede aceptar excepciones), incluido el Título del artículo, Autores, Afiliaciones, una breve descripción (con las respectiva literatura citada) incluida la descripción de la especie o evento y la localidad de origen de las fotografías (georreferenciadas y descritas), la láminas fotográfica de alta calidad (formato PNG o JPEG de 300 o 600 ppp, enviada incrustada en el manuscrito y como un archivo separado), la leyenda de la placa (es decir, la Figura 1. “y texto respectivo“), agradecimientos y hasta cinco citas. Por favor, siga las instrucciones descritas en la secciones tablas y figuras para el formato de la lámina.

Original articles

Original articles report the results of an original research. The material must not have been previously published elsewhere, neither in Peru or abroad. Full length articles are up to 8 000 words (exceptions will be accepted by the Editor-in-Chief). The manuscript should contain Title page, Introduction, Material and methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Conflict of Interest Disclosure, Author Contributions, Ethical Approval, Sampling and Study Permits,  Funding Information, Literature Cited, Figures and Tables. Addition of appendices as online supplementary material is allowed.

Review articles

Reviews summarize the status of research in a field of current interest. This type of paper can summarize information on research field with recently published articles of broad scientific importance. They may be submitted or invited by the Editorial Committee. Review articles are up to 12 000 words and must include a methods section explaining how the literature for review was selected. We encourage the publication of Systematic Reviews, to synthesize the scientific evidence on a specific question or hypothesis, following the methodology of PRISMA described in the following links. http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/Default.aspx https://ajot.submit2aota.org/journals/ajot/forms/systematic_ reviews.pdf

Short communications

Short communications, including Scientific notes, are brief articles (2-6 printed pages) reporting important research results, observations or discoveries. They are particularly compelling and highly relevant to our scope. Novel results and new preliminary findings with the potential significance to a wider audience should be illustrated. Short communications should contain Title Page, Introduction, Material and methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Conflict of Interest Disclosure, Author Contributions, Ethical Approval, Sampling and Study Permits,  Funding Information, Literature Cited, Figures and Tables. The Results and Discussion may be combined, if this improves readability. Addition of appendices as online supplementary material is allowed.

Perspectives

These articles provide an opportunity for authors to present a novel, distinctive viewpoint on any subject within the Arlandoa’s scope. The article should be well adequately supported by citations but may focus on a stimulating argument that represents a significant advance in science thinking. Perspectives articles should not exceed 8 000 words.

Editorials

An Editorial publication involves the opinion by experts on a topic, usually invited by the Editor-in-chief. The topic is usually appropriate in time and offers important insights into the field.

Letters

Letters to the Editor (Correspondences) are responses to recently published articles, no more than one year old. Letters must be short, a maximum 1 000 words, and include only five key references and maximum one figure and this must to be completely necessary to illustrate the main aspects of the publication. The content must be constructive, discuss significant issues, and respectful in tone. Provided the editors agree that publication of the letter is warranted, it will generally also receive a response from the authors of the original article, and both letter and response will be published in the same issue.

Book Reviews

We accept Book reviews on a range of relevant titles that are not more than two years old. These are usually less than 2 000 words. Please submit your requests/ideas to the Editor-in-chief Dr. Segundo Leiva González.

Bioplates

The emphasis of this article is on a high-quality photographic collage, or plates of photographs with black background (highly encouraged) that means an advance in the knowledge of a specific topic. We accept two types of Bioplates, (i) plates of a single species (more than one must be approved by the Editor-in-chief), and (ii) photographic register of an unusual event, rare observation or phenomenon, scientifically interesting and original. A Bioplate consist in two printed with a maximum of 650 words pages (exceptions must be accepted by the Editor-in-Chief), including Title, Authors, Affiliations, a brief description (with respective citations), including description of the species or event and the locality of origin of the photographs (georeferenced and described), a photographic plate in high-quality (PNG or JPEG format of 300 or 600 dpi, sent embedded in the manuscript and as a separate file), the caption of the plate (i.e., Figure 1. “and respective text”), acknowledgements, and up to 5 references. Please, follow the instructions described in the section Tables and figures for the plate formatting.

Copyright Notice

By submitting a paper to the journal, it is understood that the authors agree to transfer the publication rights to the journal once it is accepted.

It is permitted to share and adapt the contents of this journal in any medium or format always if the original source is properly cited and there are not commercial purposes.

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